Which European country has the easiest digital nomad visa to get?

Estonia's Digital Nomad Visa is consistently rated the most straightforward: online application, 1-month processing, €4,500/month income requirement. Portugal's D8 visa requires a visit to a consulate but has a lower income bar (€3,680/month). Croatia's visa is also popular for its Adriatic lifestyle and relatively low cost.

What income do you need to qualify for a European digital nomad visa?

Requirements vary: Estonia requires €4,500/month gross, Portugal's D8 requires €3,680/month, Spain requires €2,442/month, Croatia requires €3,622.50/month. Most programmes require proof of income from sources outside the host country — employment contracts, freelance invoices, or business documentation.

Can I bring my family on a European digital nomad visa?

Most programmes allow spouses and dependent children to join as family members on associated visas. Income requirements are usually higher for family applications — Portugal's D8, for example, adds 50% income for a spouse and 30% per child. Processing for family applications typically takes longer.

Does a digital nomad visa convert to permanent residency?

In most cases yes, if you continue residing legally. Portugal's D8 can transition to standard residency, and after five years you can apply for permanent residency and eventually citizenship. Spain's digital nomad visa (2023) follows a similar path. Check each country's specific rules on continuity requirements for the transition.

European Digital Nomad Visas: Complete Guide 2026

Digital nomad visas solve a problem that has existed since remote work became mainstream: you want to live legally in a country for six to twelve months, but you work for an employer or clients outside that country. Standard tourist visas do not permit this. Work permits require a local employer. Digital nomad visas fill the gap — providing a legal basis for residing in a country while earning income from abroad.

As of 2026, more than a dozen European countries offer some form of digital nomad or remote worker visa. This guide covers each one with the essential details.

Important Note on EU Citizenship

If you are an EU/EEA citizen, you do not need a digital nomad visa to live in another EU country. EU free movement law gives you the right to reside as a self-sufficient person provided you have sufficient income and health insurance. Digital nomad visas are primarily for non-EU nationals (US, UK, Australian, Canadian, Indian, and other passport holders).

Portugal — Digital Nomad Visa (D8)

Portugal was one of the first European countries to create a dedicated digital nomad visa and remains one of the most popular destinations.

Officially: The D8 "Remote Work Visa" or "Passive Income and Remote Work" visa

Income requirement: Four times the Portuguese national minimum wage per month (Portuguese consular visa portal). In 2026 the minimum wage is €920/month (DGERT), making the income threshold €3,680/month.

Duration: Initial visa for four months to arrange residence; once in Portugal, apply for a residence permit valid for two years, renewable for three more.

What you need:

Proof of income (last three months of bank statements showing regular income, or employer letter)
Proof of accommodation in Portugal
Health insurance valid in Portugal
Clean criminal record certificate
NIF (Portuguese tax number — obtainable remotely in advance)

Where to apply: Portuguese consulate or embassy in your home country. Some nationalities can apply for the visa on arrival at SEF/AIMA offices in Portugal.

Tax: Portugal's Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) scheme, available for new tax residents, was reformed in 2024 and replaced with the IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal à Investigação Científica e Inovação) scheme. Tax planning on arrival in Portugal now requires professional advice to ensure you use the right structure.

Spain — Digital Nomad Visa

Spain introduced its digital nomad visa in 2023 as part of the Law to Support Startups.

Income requirement: Two times the Spanish minimum wage. The Spanish minimum wage is €1,221/month in 2026, making the threshold €2,442/month (Consulate General of Spain in Washington).

Duration: Initial visa for one year, renewable for up to five years total. After five years, you can apply for long-term residency.

Unique feature: Allows you to work for Spanish clients or companies for up to 20% of your income (the rest must come from outside Spain). This is unusual — most digital nomad visas prohibit local work entirely.

What you need:

Proof of remote employment or self-employment income from non-Spanish clients/employers
Health insurance valid in Spain
Clean criminal record
Proof of accommodation

Tax: Qualifying digital nomad visa holders can opt into Spain's "Beckham Law" (Special Expatriate Tax Regime), which caps income tax at 24% for the first €600,000 of income for up to six years. This is one of the more generous tax regimes for incoming earners.

Estonia — Digital Nomad Visa

Estonia offers a dedicated digital nomad visa that is relatively straightforward to apply for, reflecting the country's digitally progressive administration.

Income requirement: At least €4,500/month gross income (as of recent updates — verify the current threshold before applying).

Duration: Up to one year; not renewable in-country. You must leave and reapply or transition to a different permit.

What you need:

Proof of income for the last six months
Health insurance
Valid passport with at least one year remaining
Proof of accommodation

Note: Estonia's e-Residency programme is separate from the digital nomad visa. e-Residency lets you set up and manage a company remotely; it does not give you the right to physically reside in Estonia.

Greece — Digital Nomad Visa

Greece introduced its digital nomad visa (officially Law 4825/2021) as part of its broader effort to attract international workers and revive its economy.

Income requirement: €3,500/month net (after tax).

Duration: One year, renewable for a second year. After that, you would need to transition to a different permit category.

What you need:

Employment contract or freelance contracts demonstrating remote work for non-Greek clients
Bank statements showing the income threshold
Health insurance
Clean criminal record

Croatia — Digital Nomad Residence Permit

Croatia introduced a digital nomad permit in January 2021, making it one of the earliest in Europe. It has run continuously since then.

Income requirement: At least 2.5 times the average monthly net salary paid in Croatia in the previous year — currently a minimum of €3,622.50/month (Croatian Ministry of the Interior).

Duration: Up to a maximum of 18 months; if granted for less than 18 months, an extension of up to six months can be applied for.

Tax advantage: Digital nomad permit holders are not Croatian tax residents during their stay (provided they do not establish a permanent establishment or spend enough time to trigger residency). This means Croatian income tax does not apply to their remote income — you remain taxable only in your home country.

What you need:

Proof of employment or self-employment abroad
Proof of income meeting the threshold
Health insurance
Proof of accommodation in Croatia

Croatia joined the Schengen Area in January 2023, which means time spent in Croatia now counts toward the 90/180-day Schengen limit for non-Schengen nationals.

Malta — Nomad Residence Permit

Malta offers its Nomad Residence Permit, operated through Residency Malta Agency.

Income requirement: €42,000 gross per year (Residency Malta Agency).

Duration: One year, renewable annually.

What you need:

Proof of employment or self-employment for a non-Maltese entity
Health insurance (minimum €100,000 coverage for the EU, including Malta, and the UK — Residency Malta Agency FAQ)
Clean criminal record
Accommodation in Malta

Note: Malta is part of the EU and Schengen Area and uses the euro, making it administratively straightforward.

Czech Republic — Freelance/Long-Term Visa with Remote Work Possible

The Czech Republic does not have a dedicated digital nomad visa, but it offers a Freelancer Visa (živnostenský list) that effectively functions as one for self-employed remote workers.

You must register as a self-employed person (OSVČ — person self-employed) in the Czech Republic and obtain a trade licence. This requires setting up as a Czech freelancer, filing Czech taxes, and paying Czech social insurance and health insurance contributions. The administrative burden is higher than a straightforward digital nomad visa.

Iceland — Remote Work Long-Term Visa (repealed)

Iceland (not an EU member, but in the EEA) previously offered a long-term visa for remote workers. As of May 2026, the provision in the Foreign Nationals Act concerning long-term visas has been repealed (Directorate of Immigration). The short-term residence permit that replaced it is intended for extended visits to close family members and for artists, scientists or athletes (Ísland.is); remote work is not one of the listed purposes.

Countries Without a Dedicated Visa (But With Workarounds)

Several popular EU destinations do not have a specific digital nomad visa but have practical alternatives:

Germany: Freelancers can apply for a Freiberufler visa, which requires demonstrating professional qualifications and income. More complex than a nomad visa but provides long-term stability.

Netherlands: The "Orientation Year" visa (for recent graduates) and the self-employed visa (zelfstandige zonder personeel, ZZP) are routes. The ZZP route requires demonstrating economic value to the Netherlands.

Sweden: No dedicated nomad visa; EU citizens can come freely, but non-EU citizens need a work permit tied to Swedish employment or Swedish self-employment registration.

Denmark: No nomad visa; similar situation to Sweden.

Key Factors to Compare

When choosing a country based on its nomad visa, weigh:

Income threshold: Does your current income comfortably exceed it? Being close to the limit creates stress if income dips.
Tax treatment: Some countries (Croatia, Estonia temporarily) allow you to remain non-resident for tax; others (Spain via Beckham Law) offer flat-rate regimes. The difference in take-home pay can be significant.
Healthcare access: Digital nomad visas typically require private health insurance, not access to the public system. Budget accordingly.
Path to longer residency: If you plan to stay, check whether the nomad visa can transition into a regular residence permit or leads to long-term residency rights.
Schengen membership: For non-EU travellers, time in Schengen member states counts toward the 90/180-day limit. Croatia and most EU nomad visa destinations are in Schengen.